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| Abdominal External Oblique muscle |
The lateral and anterior regions of the abdomen are where the external oblique is located. Its aponeurosis forms the front wall of the abdomen, while its muscular component occupies the side. It is broad, thin, and irregularly quadrilateral.
Due to subcutaneous fat deposits and the small size of the muscle, the oblique is typically not visible in humans (particularly females). A pair of muscles on the lateral sides of the abdominal wall makes up the external abdominal oblique. It consists of the lateral abdominal muscles, internal abdominal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscle.
It is formed by eight fleshy digitations that grow from the inferior borders and exterior surfaces of the fifth to twelfth ribs (the lower eight ribs), respectively.
The intermediate digitations are attached to the ribs at a distance from their cartilages, the intermediate digitations to the apex of the final rib's cartilage, and the lower digitations to the cartilages of the corresponding ribs.
These digitations are organized in an oblique line that runs inferiorly and also anteriorly direction.
The three lower ones shrink in size from above downward and receive between them corresponding processes from the latissimus dorsi, The top five parts increase in size as they descend and fit into matching parts of the serratus anterior muscle. The fleshy fibers travel in diverse directions from these attachments. A free posterior border is formed by its posterior fibers from the ribs to the iliac crest.
The majority of posterior fibers are directed vertically, whereas others are directed anteriorly. At the midclavicular line superior and spinoumblical line inferiority, the external oblique continues as an aponeurosis and inserts into the linea alba, the anterior portion of the iliac crest, and the pubic tubercle. The spinoumbilical is a line that connects the umbilicus and anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), while the midclavicular line is a vertical axis that runs through the middle of the clavicle.
The posterior margin of the muscle is free, whilst the superior, medial, and inferior margins are connected to their respective attachment points. The other lateral abdominal muscles, on the other hand, all have their posterior ends connected to the thoracolumbar fascia. The inguinal ligament (of Poupart), which forms the floor of the inguinal canal, is a thick curve or channel that stretches between the ASIS and pubic tubercle curved posteriorly on this muscle’s inferior edge.
Nerve supply
The ventral branches of the lower six thoracoabdominal nerves and the subcostal nerve on either side supply the external oblique muscle. Lower intercostal nerves T7-T11 and subcostal nerve T12 supply the upper two-thirds of the external abdominal oblique. Iliohypogastric L1, which originates from the lumbar plexus, supplies the lower third. Through the iliohypogastric nerve (L1), the muscle receives sensory innervation from the lumbar plexus.
Blood supply
The caudal portion of the muscle is supplied by a branch of either the deep circumflex iliac artery or the iliolumbar artery, which also supplies the inferior third of the muscle. The lower posterior intercostal and subcostal arteries are responsible for supplying the cranial part of the muscle.
Function
Similar to a Valsalva maneuver, the external oblique muscle pulls down on the chest and compresses the abdominal cavity, increasing intra-abdominal pressure. The right external oblique would rotate to the left and side bend to the right, and vice versa. It can also do ipsilateral (same side) side bending and contralateral (opposite side) side bending. Similar in operation to the external oblique muscle, the internal oblique rotates ipsilaterally. Additionally, during this activity, the abdominal wall’s tone and positive intra-abdominal pressure are increased. These factors are involved in several physiological activities, including labor, forced breathing, micturition, and feces.
The External Oblique muscle is involved in a range of movements in the trunk. If the muscle is strained or injured, it can cause significant problems, even during movements that don’t directly involve the muscle, like walking or running, which can cause movements in the torso.
Clinical significance
Bilateral muscle weakness reduces trunk flexion ability, and in cases of bilateral weakness, you can notice anterior pelvic tilting from a standing position.
Incisions, direct trauma, new exercise, emotional stress, increased load during exercises, or other visceral pathologies can all cause abdominal obliques to develop trigger points. Sites, where obliques trigger points, are most frequently found:
Pain that runs diagonally across the stomach, groin, and genitalia is referred to as being in the lateral lower quadrant of the abdominal wall close to the ASIS. Pain in the lower chest and upper abdomen that is a few inches below and to the side of the sternum’s xiphoid process may be mistaken for heartburn.
External Oblique strength exercise:
Oblique Crunch 1: Lie on your back with your knees bent position. Sit up and crunch your body by grabbing the outside of your knee. Make sure your shoulder blades are barely lifting off the ground. The abdominal and oblique muscles are strengthened by performing this workout. For three sets, repeat ten times on each side.
Oblique Cable Crunch:
The obliques are crucial spinal and rotational muscles. You could have a big athletic edge by strengthening them by producing more power, speed, and stability. They are crucial to recovery and aid in maintaining a strong core.
External oblique stretch:
Origin
The exterior sides of ribs 5–12 are the source of the external abdominal oblique muscle. A zigzag oblique line is created on the lateral side of the thorax by attaching fibers interdigitating with those of the serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi muscle.
Insertion
The exterior sides of ribs 5–12 are the source of the external abdominal oblique muscle. A zigzag oblique line is created on the lateral side of the thorax by attaching fibers interdigitating with those of the serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi muscle.
Insertion
The majority of posterior fibers are directed vertically, whereas others are directed anteriorly. At the midclavicular line superior and spinoumblical line inferiority, the external oblique continues as an aponeurosis and inserts into the linea alba, the anterior portion of the iliac crest, and the pubic tubercle. The spinoumbilical is a line that connects the umbilicus and anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), while the midclavicular line is a vertical axis that runs through the middle of the clavicle.
Relations
The external abdominal oblique is the largest and most superficial of the lateral abdominal muscles. It covers the anterior half of the ribs, the intercostal muscles, the internal abdominal oblique muscle, and also at the thoracic and abdominal skin. Its muscular component helps to create the lateral portion of the abdominal wall. However, its aponeurotic portion contributes to the anterior abdominal wall as well as the anterior layer of the rectus sheath.
The posterior margin of the muscle is free, whilst the superior, medial, and inferior margins are connected to their respective attachment points. The other lateral abdominal muscles, on the other hand, all have their posterior ends connected to the thoracolumbar fascia. The inguinal ligament (of Poupart), which forms the floor of the inguinal canal, is a thick curve or channel that stretches between the ASIS and pubic tubercle curved posteriorly on this muscle’s inferior edge.
Nerve supply
The ventral branches of the lower six thoracoabdominal nerves and the subcostal nerve on either side supply the external oblique muscle. Lower intercostal nerves T7-T11 and subcostal nerve T12 supply the upper two-thirds of the external abdominal oblique. Iliohypogastric L1, which originates from the lumbar plexus, supplies the lower third. Through the iliohypogastric nerve (L1), the muscle receives sensory innervation from the lumbar plexus.
Blood supply
The caudal portion of the muscle is supplied by a branch of either the deep circumflex iliac artery or the iliolumbar artery, which also supplies the inferior third of the muscle. The lower posterior intercostal and subcostal arteries are responsible for supplying the cranial part of the muscle.
Function
Similar to a Valsalva maneuver, the external oblique muscle pulls down on the chest and compresses the abdominal cavity, increasing intra-abdominal pressure. The right external oblique would rotate to the left and side bend to the right, and vice versa. It can also do ipsilateral (same side) side bending and contralateral (opposite side) side bending. Similar in operation to the external oblique muscle, the internal oblique rotates ipsilaterally. Additionally, during this activity, the abdominal wall’s tone and positive intra-abdominal pressure are increased. These factors are involved in several physiological activities, including labor, forced breathing, micturition, and feces.
The External Oblique muscle is involved in a range of movements in the trunk. If the muscle is strained or injured, it can cause significant problems, even during movements that don’t directly involve the muscle, like walking or running, which can cause movements in the torso.
Clinical significance
Bilateral muscle weakness reduces trunk flexion ability, and in cases of bilateral weakness, you can notice anterior pelvic tilting from a standing position.
Incisions, direct trauma, new exercise, emotional stress, increased load during exercises, or other visceral pathologies can all cause abdominal obliques to develop trigger points. Sites, where obliques trigger points, are most frequently found:
Pain that runs diagonally across the stomach, groin, and genitalia is referred to as being in the lateral lower quadrant of the abdominal wall close to the ASIS. Pain in the lower chest and upper abdomen that is a few inches below and to the side of the sternum’s xiphoid process may be mistaken for heartburn.
External Oblique strength exercise:
Oblique Crunch 1: Lie on your back with your knees bent position. Sit up and crunch your body by grabbing the outside of your knee. Make sure your shoulder blades are barely lifting off the ground. The abdominal and oblique muscles are strengthened by performing this workout. For three sets, repeat ten times on each side.
Oblique Crunch 1:
Lie on your back with your knees bent position. Sit up and crunch your body by grabbing the outside of your knee. Make sure your shoulder blades are barely lifting off the ground. The abdominal and oblique muscles are strengthened by performing this workout. For three sets, repeat ten times on each side.
Oblique Crunch 2:
Oblique Crunch 2:
Lie on your back with your knees bent and lying to one side of your body. Sit up and perform an oblique crunch by reaching with your elbow on the same side for the outside part of your knee. Make sure your shoulder blades are barely lifting off the ground. The Rectus abdominal and oblique muscles are strengthened by performing this workout. For three sets, repeat ten times on each side.
Oblique Cable Crunch:
While seated or kneeling on the floor, grab a cable machine’s handle and hold it over one shoulder. Crunch by tightening your abdominal muscles to bend and rotate your spine in the direction of the knee on the other side. Additionally, this will make your side oblique muscles stronger. For three sets, repeat ten times on each side.
BOSU Oblique Throw:
BOSU Oblique Throw:
Stand on the curved side of a BOSU ball. Get a ball thrown at you by a partner. As you catch the ball, tighten your deep abdominal muscles to keep yourself steady. To throw the ball back, rotate your body, engaging your oblique muscles as you do so. A weighted ball, like a medicine ball, can be quite useful. Use a wobbling board or flip the BOSU ball over to stand on the flat side to advance. Leg power and coordination are enhanced by doing this. For three sets, repeat ten times on each side.
Oblique Bench Crunch:
Oblique Bench Crunch:
Lie on your back with your knees bent and also resting on a bench. Sit up and perform a crunch by reaching with your opposite elbow for the outside of your knee. Make sure your shoulder blades are barely lifting off the ground. every side, repeat. The abdominal and oblique muscles are strengthened by performing this workout. For three sets, repeat ten times on each side.
oblique bench crunch
oblique bench crunch
The obliques are crucial spinal and rotational muscles. You could have a big athletic edge by strengthening them by producing more power, speed, and stability. They are crucial to recovery and aid in maintaining a strong core.
External oblique stretch:
On your back, face down, bend your knees. Put your hands behind your head and slowly bend both of your knees to the side, as close to the floor as feels comfortable. It is advised that you repeat this exercise ten times on each side to finish it. It is also advised to finish three sets for the best outcomes. This will guarantee a complete and fruitful workout.
